The bone

Bone is the basic material or primary unit of the skeleton. It is one of the hardest tissue of the body. About one-third of the weight of bone consists of an organic framework of fibrous tissue and cells. This organic matter gives resilience and toughness to bones. The remaining two-thirds of the weight of bone consists of inorganic salts (largely calcium and phosphorus) deposited within the organic framework. These salts give hardness and rigidity to bones.

Classification of the bones

The bones may be divided into five types according to their shape.

1. Long bones

Long bones function chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension. The best examples of long bones are found in the limbs.

2. Short bones

These are somewhat cuboidal, or approximately equal in all dimensions. Short bones function in absorbing concussion and are found in complex joints like carpal and tarsal.

3. Sesamoid bones

These bones resemble a sesame seed and are developed along the course of tendons to reduce friction or change the course of tendons. They prevent overextension and over flexion. The patella (knee-cap) is the largest sesamoid in the body.

4. Flat bones

These are relatively thin and expanded in two dimensions. They function chiefly for the protection of vital organs e.g., brain, heart, lungs, pelvic viscera, but also provide a large surface area for muscle attachment e.g., scapula.

5. Irregular bones

These bones are important for protection, support, and muscle attachment e.g., vertebra.

Functions of bone

  1. It gives rigidity and form to the body.
  2. Provide protection to certain soft organs.
  3. It acts as levers and helps in locomotion.
  4. Store minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus.
  5. Provide a site for blood formation i.e., red and white blood cells.
  6. The pneumatic bones of the birds help in flying.

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