Paranasal sinuses
The sinus is an air space within a bone. Sinuses are lined by mucous membranes and communicate with the nasal cavity.Horse
- Frontal sinus
- Caudal maxillary sinus
- Sphenopalatine sinus
- Rostral maxillary sinus
Frontal sinuses
Caudal limit__ plane of the zygomatic processes of the frontal bones.Rostral limit__ a point midway between orbit and infraorbital foramen
Rostral maxillary sinuses
Caudal limit__ Rostral border of orbit.Rostral limit__ A line from infraorbital foramen to rostral end of facial crest.
Dorsal limit__ A line from the infraorbital foramen parallel to the facial crest.
Ventral limit__ Facial crest.
Ox
Ox has one large caudal frontal sinus and two or three small rostral frontal sinuses. The right and left frontal sinuses are separated by a median septum.Caudal frontal sinuses
Laterally__ 4 cm caudal to the lateral angle of the eye, through the most lateral extent of the external lamina of the frontal bone.Caudally__ Over the nuchal diverticulum halfway from the midline to the base of the horn.
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