Estrogen



Estrogen includes E1, E2 (estradiol), and E3.
Source: Granulosa cells of the ovary, placenta (especially during parturition) in females, and Sertoli cells in the male.

Two cells, two hormone theory

In females

      This theory is related to the production of E2, P4,, and T hormones. Testosterone (T) is produced in theca cells of graffian follicle of the ovary. Then it is released from theca cells into granulosa cells. Here it is converted into E2 by an enzyme known as aromatase (Present in granulosa cells).

In males

       In Sertoli cells, T is converted into E2 by the aromatase enzyme. T is produced in Leydig (interstitial cells) and diffuses to Sertoli cells by a paracrine mechanism.

Functions of E2

  • It is responsible for estrus behavior (by acting on the brain, and by acting on the reproductive tract) or sexual desires.
  • Prepare the reproductive tract for parturition by
  1. Relaxation of the pelvic ligament.
  2. Lubricating the reproductive tract.
  • It is responsible for the edema of the tract.
  •  It causes increased blood flow to the uterus.
  • It increases local uterine immunity.
  • It is responsible for the pre-ovulatory LH surge that causes ovulation.

Clinical uses

  1. It is used for the management /treatment of mismatching in bitch within 48-72 hours of mating.
  2. It is used for the treatment of endo-metritis.
  3. It is used for the treatment of pyometra.
  4. It is used to cause abortion in cattle at 4-5 months of pregnancy.
  5. It can be administered to feedlot heifers for fattening.

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