Equine topographic anatomy of abdominal organs

The approximate areas of contact of various organs with the abdominal wall are given below.

Right side

  1. The base of the caecum or first bend of the right ventral colon is in contact with the paralumber fossa. The caecum is trocarized here, at a point equidistant from the last rib, lumbar transverse process, and tuber coxae.
  2. The body of the caecum occupies most of the caudal border of the lateral abdominal wall.
  3. The right dorsal and ventral colon is in contact with the cranioventral wall.
  4. Liver- Marked enlargements may be detected by palpation of the liver below the costal arch and by rectal palpation of the caudate lobe. Percussion may be performed in the right 10th to 17th intercostal spaces and in the left 7th to 10th intercostal spaces.

Left side

Dorsal half
  1. The spleen extends along the dorsal arch. Possible only in equines, the dorsal end may be palpated per rectum lateral to the kidney. If it is easily palpable, it may indicate an overly distended stomach or a grossly enlarged spleen.
  2. The small colon area is cranial to the tuber coxae.
  3. The small intestine occupies an area ventral to that of the small colon.
Ventral half
  1. Left dorsal and ventral colon

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sugar •        Sugar has been described both in history and recently as a topical wound treatment. •        The basis for its use is its high osmolality. •        Thus, it is effective in reducing edema due to its hydrophilic action. •        It has also been reported to attract macrophages, accelerate slough of devitalized tissue, provide cellular energy, and promote granulation tissue. •        Its use should be discontinued after the wound has a good bed of granulation tissue. •        It has been reported to be effective against Staph., Strep., Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Serratia organisms. •          It reportedly does not cause hyperglycemia. •        It should be used with caution on large wounds. Its hydrophilic action can pull more fluids, electrolytes, and proteins from the wound tissues.  
Read more

Nematodes

Image
    General Characteristics: Nematodes are commonly called roundworms because, as the name suggests, they are round when viewed in cross section. They are cylindrical in structure and taper towards their anterior and posterior ends. They are bilaterally symmetrical. The sexes are separate in most species, a few are hermaphrodite. Nematodes that parasitize domestic animals are found in all parts of the body but are most commonly found in the digestive and respiratory tracts, and in the circulatory system.
Read more
PHYSICAL EXAM PROCESS 1)  Signalment / History 2)  General Appearance / Initial Observations 3)  Vital Signs 4)  Physical Exam (Systems Approach or Head to Toe) 5)  Surgical / Anesthetic Risk Assessment 6)  RAVS Animal Condition (RAC) Score
Read more