Nematodes

Dental nerve blocks

Indication: Painful dental operations or where general anesthesia is contraindicated.

Horse

Maxillary nerve block

Objective: To anesthetize all upper jaw teeth and area anesthetize by infraorbital block.

Procedure

A needle is inserted 2.5 cm ventral to the lateral angle of the eye and ventral to the zygomatic arch. Needle is directed medially and slightly rostrodorsally to a depth of 6-7 cm. The nerve runs across the pterygopalatine fossa from the round foramen to the maxillary foramen.

Mandibular nerve block

Objective: To anesthetize all the lower jaw teeth.

Procedure

The mandibular foramen is on the medial side of the mandible at the apex of the right angle formed by the occlusal plane of the cheek teeth and a perpendicular drawn to the lateral angle of the eye. The point of entry is medial to the caudal border 3 inches below the temporomandibular joint or medial to the ventral border of the mandibular.

Infraorbital nerve block

Objective: To anesthetize the first two cheek teeth and incisors, lips, nostrils, and face up to the foramen.

Procedure

The infraorbital foramen is about 6 cm dorsal to the end of the facial crest, and 3 cm rostral to the end of the facial crest. If the first interphalangeal joint of the index finger is placed against the end of the facial crest, the tip of the middle finger will be on the foramen.

Mental nerve block

Objective: To anesthetize lower lips, canines, and incisors.

Procedure

Palpate the mental foramen by holding the lower jaw just below the angle of the lip between thumb and index finger, and slowly push the fingers upwards with a fairly tight grip, the foramen can be felt like a shallow depression in the bone. Mental foramen can be palpated 3 cm caudal to the plane of the angle of the mouth or halfway between the canines and the 1st cheek tooth.

Ox

Maxillary nerve block

Objective: To anesthetize all upper jaw teeth and eye.

Procedure

The maxillary foramen medial to the lacrimal bulla and it is not accessible by injection. A 12 cm curved needle is passed medially in the angle between the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone. The needle crosses the rostral border of the coronoid process of the mandible to the foramen orbitorotendum.

Infraorbital nerve block

It is 3 cm above the gum line of the first cheek tooth and slightly rostral to it.

Mandibular nerve block

The mandibular foramen is at the intersection of the plane of the occlusal surfaces of the cheek teeth and a line from the temporomandibular joint.

Mental nerve block

Mental foramen is 3-4 cm caudal caudal to the 4th incisor.

Dog

Maxillary nerve block

In a large-sized dog, the mouth is held open and a needle is inserted behind the last upper molar, the needle is directed dorsally and caudomedially at 2.5 cm depth.
Or
A needle is inserted through the zygomatic salivary gland (through skin ventral to the zygomatic arch and the lateral angle of the eye) toward the root of the opposite canine teeth.

Infraorbital nerve block

Infraorbital foramen can be palpated on a line from the dorsal border of zygomatic arch to the root of the canine tooth.

Mandibular nerve block

The mandibular foramen is on a line between the last molar and the angular process, the needle is inserted through the skin and directed dorsally a short distance in the medial surface of the mandible to the nerve.

Mental nerve block

The mental foramen is ventral to the root of P2. Injection through this foramen into the mandibular canal anesthetizes the incisor, canine, first 2 premolar teeth, and lower lip.