Bovine topographic anatomy of abdominal organs

The approximate area of contact of various organs with the abdominal wall is given below.

Right side

1. Omasum

It can be palpated but in traumatic peritonitis of this organ, pain is evidenced by deep pressure in the central part of the right 7th-9th intercostals spaces and in the right xiphoid region.

2. Abomasum

The fundus of the abomasum is in the xiphoid region, the body lies near the midline, more in the left than on the right; the pylorus is near the ventral end of the 9th or 10th intercostal spaces on the right side.

3. Liver

Palpate the last four intercostal spaces for the evidence of pain (Abscess) usually the liver can not be palpated in the cranial angle of the right paralumber fossa. The right kidney can often be palpated here.

4. Intestines

The upper part of the right abdominal wall caudal to the costal arch is the area for the examination of the duodenum, caecum, and colon. The lower half is usually occupied by the small intestine.

Left side

1. Rumen

It covers the entire left side of the abdomen. Contractions twice per minute are palpated in the dorsal third of the left flank. The food level is normally palpable in the middle third of the abdominal wall.

2. Reticulum

It can not be palpated. It contacts the left abdominal wall at the ventral end of the 6th and 7th intercostals spaces.

3. Spleen

It is not palpable unless grossly enlarged. Splenic puncture is performed in the left 12th intercostals space at the level of tuber coxae.

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