Prolactin


Functions of prolactin

  • It is responsible for lactation, maternal behavior (mamogenesis by P4 and E2), and luteotropic (in bitch). It acts like LH.
Source: Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Factors

The hypothalamus releases two factors
  1. Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF) i.e., Dopamine. It has a negative effect on prolactin release.
  2. Prolactin releasing factor (PRF), has a positive effect on prolactin release.
Note: If there is no prolactin in bitch, it will abort but if there is no prolactin in cow, it will not abort.

Dopamine antagonists

  1. Sulpiride
  2. Domperidone
Both of these are used in mare. They increase prolactin for the purpose of lactogenesis (If the mare is not producing enough milk, then use these antagonists).

Prolactin inhibitors

These are
  1. Cabergoline
  2. Bromocriptine
Both of these decrease prolactin and suppress maternal behavior, lactogenesis, and luteotropic. These are also used for abortion or pregnancy termination in bitch. Prolactin inhibitors are used for the treatment of mammary gland hypoplasia in cats and queen.

Placental lactogen

It is involved in lactation and fetal growth. It acts like a growth hormone.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sugar •        Sugar has been described both in history and recently as a topical wound treatment. •        The basis for its use is its high osmolality. •        Thus, it is effective in reducing edema due to its hydrophilic action. •        It has also been reported to attract macrophages, accelerate slough of devitalized tissue, provide cellular energy, and promote granulation tissue. •        Its use should be discontinued after the wound has a good bed of granulation tissue. •        It has been reported to be effective against Staph., Strep., Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Serratia organisms. •          It reportedly does not cause hyperglycemia. •        It should be used with caution on large wounds. Its hydrophilic action can pull more fluids, electrolytes, and proteins from the wound tissues.  
Read more

Nematodes

Image
    General Characteristics: Nematodes are commonly called roundworms because, as the name suggests, they are round when viewed in cross section. They are cylindrical in structure and taper towards their anterior and posterior ends. They are bilaterally symmetrical. The sexes are separate in most species, a few are hermaphrodite. Nematodes that parasitize domestic animals are found in all parts of the body but are most commonly found in the digestive and respiratory tracts, and in the circulatory system.
Read more
PHYSICAL EXAM PROCESS 1)  Signalment / History 2)  General Appearance / Initial Observations 3)  Vital Signs 4)  Physical Exam (Systems Approach or Head to Toe) 5)  Surgical / Anesthetic Risk Assessment 6)  RAVS Animal Condition (RAC) Score
Read more