Organophosphate poisoning
Organophosphate: Group of chemicals which are used as insecticides, pesticides, and herbicides are called organophosphate.

Pest scouting

Checking of leaves and flowers weekly for the burden of insects and prescription of sprays is called pest scouting. Organophosphate could be absorbed through ingestion, inhalation or dermal route.

MOA

Acetylcholinesterase breaks acetylcholine into acetyl and chlorine parts. Organophosphate blocks acetylcholinesterase. Then the activity of acetylcholine increases through both muscarinic receptors and nicotinic receptors.

General clinical signs after poisoning

In acute exposure
SLUDGE:
  1. Higher salivation
  2. Lacrimation
  3. Urination
  4. Increased defecation
  5. Gastric cramps
  6. Emesis

When muscarinic receptors activate, following signs will disappear

DUMBELS: 
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Urination
  3. Miosis
  4. Bronchospasm
  5. Emesis
  6. Lacrimation
  7. Salivation

When nicotinic receptors activate, following signs will disappear

  1. Tachycardia
  2. Hypertension
  3. Sweating
  4. Paralysis

Management of organophosphate poisoning

  1. Eliminate the source of poison from the body. Use gastric lavage or administer charcoal.
  2. If the route is dermal then wash it.
  3. Maintain respiration of animals (provide artificial respiration). Respiration decreases due to muscle weakness.
  • Administer Atropine ; It will reverse all symptoms. It is a symptomatic drug (anti-sialagogue).
Dose:  0.1-0.2 mg/kg for dog and cats. We can repeat the dose after 10 minutes if symptoms do not reverse.
0.5-1 mg/kg for cattle and buffalo. We can repeat the dose after 1 or 2 hours if symptoms do not reverse.
0.1-0.2 mg/kg for Horses.
  • Administer Paralidoxime
Administer this drug when there will be arrested respiration because it prevents paralysis of muscles.
Dose: 20 mg/kg for dog, cat, cattle, and buffalo.
4 mg/kg for Horses

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