Cell culture

Cell culture is the most preferable media for the growth of viruses because it is convenient to work with cell culture than plants or embryonated eggs.

Procedure

  1. Take animal or human cells.
  2. Treat cells with enzymes and separate a few cells, these cells will be suspended in the culture medium.
  3. In culture medium, provide all the requirements to these cells e.g., Osmotic pressure, nutrition, and other growth requirements of the cell.
  4. Then these cells grow and form a single layer of cells called monolayer cell line or primary cell line.
  5. Sometimes form cluster in media called continuous/transformed/diploid/ cell line.
  6. Add virus in the culture medium, the virus will grow in cells and they destroy cells.
  7. When they destroy cells, we can observe the cytopathic effect (clear area, it is similar to plaque forming unit).

Primary cell line

    These are mostly derived from tissue slices. They die after a few generations. Diploid cell lines are derived from human embryos and continue to several generations (100 or more than 100 generations). This cell line is mostly used for virus isolation because this cell line does not die off rapidly.
     The diploid cell line is first derived from a human woman (named Henveitta lacks). She died in 1951 due to cancer. These cell lines are still available. These cell lines are called immortal cell lines derived from a woman.

Limitations

  1. These cell lines need a trained type of workers.
  2. It should be free from bacterial contamination.

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