Anticoagulants
Sr. no
Name
MOA
The amount required for 10ml blood
Advantages
Disadvantages
1
EDTA (K or Na salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)
Chelates free Ca++ in plasma
10-20   mg
1.Excellent preserving power for six hours
2.Rec. for routine hematology
2 mg/ml shrink cells
2
Heparin
Antithrombin and antithromboplastin
1-2 mg
1.Used for blood gas analysis
2.Least effect on size and hemolysis of RBC
1.Cause clumping of WBCs.
2.Interfere with stainability of WBCs
3.Expensive
4. Will not prevent clotting longer than 8 hrs
5.Not suitable for prothrombin time test
3
Sodium citrate
Makes insoluble salts of calcium citrate
10-20 mg
1.Used for blood transfusion
1. Interferes with many chemical tests.
2. Prevents clotting for only a few hours.
3.Shrink cells.
4
Potassium oxalate
Makes insoluble salts of calcium oxalate
20 mg
Very soluble
1.Cause 6-8 % shrinkage in cell volume
2.Poor for PCV and DLC
3.Interfare with ppt of protein when excess
5
Sodium oxalate
Same as above
20 mg
Used mainly for prothrombin time
Same as above
6
Ammonium and potassium oxalate
Same as above
1 ml
1.Used for most hematological procedures.
2.Produce less distortion and hemolysis of RBC than other oxalates
Potassium oxalate alone shrinks RBC while ammonium oxalate alone causes it to swell.
7
ACD solution (acid citrate dextrose)

25 ml for 100 ml of blood
Rec for blood transfusion


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sugar •        Sugar has been described both in history and recently as a topical wound treatment. •        The basis for its use is its high osmolality. •        Thus, it is effective in reducing edema due to its hydrophilic action. •        It has also been reported to attract macrophages, accelerate slough of devitalized tissue, provide cellular energy, and promote granulation tissue. •        Its use should be discontinued after the wound has a good bed of granulation tissue. •        It has been reported to be effective against Staph., Strep., Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Serratia organisms. •          It reportedly does not cause hyperglycemia. •        It should be used with caution on large wounds. Its hydrophilic action can pull more fluids, electrolytes, and proteins from the wound tissues.  
Read more

Nematodes

Image
    General Characteristics: Nematodes are commonly called roundworms because, as the name suggests, they are round when viewed in cross section. They are cylindrical in structure and taper towards their anterior and posterior ends. They are bilaterally symmetrical. The sexes are separate in most species, a few are hermaphrodite. Nematodes that parasitize domestic animals are found in all parts of the body but are most commonly found in the digestive and respiratory tracts, and in the circulatory system.
Read more
PHYSICAL EXAM PROCESS 1)  Signalment / History 2)  General Appearance / Initial Observations 3)  Vital Signs 4)  Physical Exam (Systems Approach or Head to Toe) 5)  Surgical / Anesthetic Risk Assessment 6)  RAVS Animal Condition (RAC) Score
Read more