Animal cell culture

  To observe the proper immune response against viral infection, we use animal cells. The method of isolation of viruses in the animal hosts is to inoculate the animals. After a certain incubation period, we observe the disease signs or lesions that will be produced in the animal body.

Limitations

 Following are the limitations of using animals as virus-host
  1. Some human viruses can not grow in animals. They need human cells for their growth. Viruses are host specific.
  2. Some animal viruses can grow in other animals but they will not produce any signs of disease.

For example

     AIDS virus belongs to the genus Lentivirus. It only grows in human cells. One of the members of the genus lentivirus is HIV-I. It only affects chimpanzees but apparently, there are no signs and symptoms produced.
   In 1986, the scientist noted that another species of HIV affects monkeys. In 1987, one spp. of the genus lentivirus affect feline and produce symptoms after a few months.
    
     3. We can not produce a vaccine.

For example

     In 1990, scientists used immune-deficient mice which was grafted to produce human T-cells and human gamma globulin. These are reliable sources to study virus replication, but we can not use such models for vaccine development purposes.


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